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Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (
26 February,
1725 –
2 October, 1804) was a France inventor. He is believed to have built the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile. This claim is disputed by some sources, however, which suggest that Ferdinand Verbiest, as a member of a
Jesuit China missions, may have been the first to build a 'car' around
1672.{{cite web|title=SA MOTORING HISTORY - TIMELINE|publisher=Government of South Australia|url=http://www.history.sa.gov.au/motor/education/sa_motor_history.pdf-->{{cite book|author=Setright, L. J. K.|title=Drive On!: A Social History of the Motor Car|publisher=Granta Books|year=2004|id=ISBN 1-86207-698-7-->
Background
Cugnot was born in Void,
Lorraine (province), (now
departement of
Meuse),
France. He trained as a military engineer. He experimented with working models of steam engine-powered vehicles for the French Army, intended for transporting cannon, starting in 1765.
The first car?
Cugnot was one of the first to successfully employ a device for converting the reciprocating motion of a steam piston into rotary motion by means of a ratchet arrangement. A small version of his three-wheeled
fardier à vapeur ran in 1769. (A
fardier was a massively built two-wheeled horse-drawn cart for transporting very heavy equipment such as cannon barrels).
The following year, a full-size version of the
fardier à vapeur was built, specified to be able to handle 4 tons and cover 2
lieues (7.8 km or or 4.8 miles) in one hour, a performance never achieved in practice. The vehicle, which weighed about 2.5 tonnes
tare, had two wheels at the rear and one in the front where the horses would normally have been; this front wheel supported the steam boiler and driving mechanism. The power unit was articulated to the "trailer" and steered from there by means of a double handle arrangement.
The vehicle was reported to have been very unstable due to poor weight distribution - which would have been a serious disadvantage seeing that it was intended that the
fardier should be able to traverse rough terrain and climb steep hills. In 1771, the second vehicle is said to have gone out of control and knocked down part of the Arsenal wall, (the first known automobile accident); however according to Georges Ageon , the earliest mention of this occurrence dates from 1801 and it does not feature in contemporary accounts. Boiler performance was also particularly poor, even by the standards of the day, with the fire needing to be relit and steam raised again every quarter of an hour or so, considerably reducing overall speed.
After running a small number of trials variously described as being between Paris and Vincennes and at Meudon, the project was abandoned and the French Army's experiment with mechanical vehicles came to an end. Even so in 1772, Louis XV of France granted Cugnot a pension of 600
livres a year for his innovative work and the experiment was judged interesting enough for the
fardier to be kept at the Arsenal until transferred to the
Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers in 1800, where it can still be seen today.
Later life
With the French Revolution, Cugnot's pension was withdrawn in
1789, and the inventor went into exile in
Brussels, where he lived in poverty. Shortly before his death, he was invited back to France by Napoleon Bonaparte and Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot returned to Paris, where he died on
October 2, 1804.
Notes
References
- Max J. B. Rauck, Cugnot, 1769-1969: der Urahn unseres Autos fuhr vor 200 Jahren, München: Münchener Zeitungsverlag, 196
External links
- Cugnot on 3wheelers.com with picture of the Steam Tractor
- Replica at the Tampa Bay Automobile Museum
- Hybrid-Vehicle.org: The Steamers
- Le fardier de Cugnot: page in French about Cugnot and his invention, hosted at an Île-de-France (région) regional government web site and credited to the Société des Ingénieurs de l'Automobile (Society of Automotive Engineers).
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (26 February,
1725 –
2 October,
1804) was a France inventor. He is believed to have built the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile. This claim is disputed by some sources, however, which suggest that Ferdinand Verbiest, as a member of a
Jesuit China missions, may have been the first to build a 'car' around
1672.{{cite web|title=SA MOTORING HISTORY - TIMELINE|publisher=Government of South Australia|url=http://www.history.sa.gov.au/motor/education/sa_motor_history.pdf-->{{cite book|author=Setright, L. J. K.|title=Drive On!: A Social History of the Motor Car|publisher=Granta Books|year=2004|id=ISBN 1-86207-698-7-->
Background
Cugnot was born in Void, Lorraine (province), (now
departement of
Meuse), France. He trained as a military engineer. He experimented with working models of steam engine-powered vehicles for the French Army, intended for transporting
cannon, starting in
1765.
The first car?
Cugnot was one of the first to successfully employ a device for converting the reciprocating motion of a steam piston into rotary motion by means of a ratchet arrangement. A small version of his three-wheeled
fardier à vapeur ran in 1769. (A
fardier was a massively built two-wheeled horse-drawn cart for transporting very heavy equipment such as cannon barrels).
The following year, a full-size version of the
fardier à vapeur was built, specified to be able to handle 4 tons and cover 2
lieues (7.8 km or or 4.8 miles) in one hour, a performance never achieved in practice. The vehicle, which weighed about 2.5 tonnes
tare, had two wheels at the rear and one in the front where the horses would normally have been; this front wheel supported the steam boiler and driving mechanism. The power unit was articulated to the "trailer" and steered from there by means of a double handle arrangement.
The vehicle was reported to have been very unstable due to poor weight distribution - which would have been a serious disadvantage seeing that it was intended that the
fardier should be able to traverse rough terrain and climb steep hills. In 1771, the second vehicle is said to have gone out of control and knocked down part of the Arsenal wall, (the first known
automobile accident); however according to Georges Ageon , the earliest mention of this occurrence dates from 1801 and it does not feature in contemporary accounts. Boiler performance was also particularly poor, even by the standards of the day, with the fire needing to be relit and steam raised again every quarter of an hour or so, considerably reducing overall speed.
After running a small number of trials variously described as being between Paris and Vincennes and at Meudon, the project was abandoned and the French Army's experiment with mechanical vehicles came to an end. Even so in 1772,
Louis XV of France granted Cugnot a pension of 600
livres a year for his innovative work and the experiment was judged interesting enough for the
fardier to be kept at the Arsenal until transferred to the
Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers in 1800, where it can still be seen today.
Later life
With the French Revolution, Cugnot's pension was withdrawn in
1789, and the inventor went into exile in
Brussels, where he lived in poverty. Shortly before his death, he was invited back to France by
Napoleon Bonaparte and Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot returned to Paris, where he died on
October 2, 1804.
Notes
References
- Max J. B. Rauck, Cugnot, 1769-1969: der Urahn unseres Autos fuhr vor 200 Jahren, München: Münchener Zeitungsverlag, 196
External links
- Cugnot on 3wheelers.com with picture of the Steam Tractor
- Replica at the Tampa Bay Automobile Museum
- Hybrid-Vehicle.org: The Steamers
- Le fardier de Cugnot: page in French about Cugnot and his invention, hosted at an Île-de-France (région) regional government web site and credited to the Société des Ingénieurs de l'Automobile (Society of Automotive Engineers).
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (26 February 1725 – 2 October 1804) was a French inventor. He is believed to have built the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle.
Category:Cugnot vehicles - Wikimedia Commons
English: Vehicles by self-propelled vehicle pioneer Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot built 1769 - 1771. (First vehicle was built in 1769, second was built in 1771)
Cugnot, Nicolas-Joseph
French engineer who produced the first high-pressure steam engine and, in 1769, the first self-propelled road vehicle
Cugnot, Nicolas-Joseph - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Cugnot ...
Cugnot, Nicolas-Joseph (1725-1804) French engineer who produced the first high-pressure steam engine and, in 1769, the first self-propelled road vehicle.
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot Biography Summary
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot summary with 4 pages of encyclopedia entries, essays, summaries, research information, and more.
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot - Wikipedia
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (Void, 25 september 1725 – Brussel, 2 oktober 1804) was een Frans uitvinder en kan worden beschouwd als de uitvinder van het eerste voertuig dat uit ...
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot Summary
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot summary with 2 pages of encyclopedia entries, research information, and more.
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot. Born: 26-Sep-1725 Birthplace: Void, Meuse, France Died: 2-Oct-1804 Location of death: Paris, France Cause of death: unspecified. Gender: Male
Nicolas Joseph Cugnot - Vikipedi
Nicolas Joseph Cugnot (Nikola Jozef Künyo), (d. 26 Şubat 1725 – ö. 2 Ekim 1804) Fransız bilim insanı. İlk otomobil sayılabilecek buharlı araç Fardieri Fransız ordusu ...
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot - Wikimedia Commons
This page was last modified on 10 March 2008, at 13:48. Text is available under GNU Free Documentation License. Wikimedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation ...
